Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a complex condition where the immune system mistakenly targets the brain, causing inflammation and a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms-such as behavioral changes, seizures, memory loss, and cognitive deficits. These symptoms often overlap with other neurological and psychiatric disorders, making AE one of the most challenging conditions to diagnose accurately.
This complexity highlights the need for specialized testing and robust diagnostic protocols. Without precise identification, clinicians face uncertainty, and critical decisions may be delayed. Accurate diagnosis is the foundation for advancing research and improving clinical understanding.