Updated Guidelines for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes

Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes (PNS) are rare, mainly autoimmune, disorders that affect the nervous system. They are associated with cancer but are not caused directly by tumor invasion, treatment, or metastasis.

PNS can affect any part of the nervous system and can have several clinical manifestations; the most important, so-called high-risk phenotypes are:

• Encephalomyelitis
• Limbic encephalitis
• Rapidly progressive cerebellar syndrome
• Opsoclonus-myoclonus
• Sensory neuronopathy
• Gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction (enteric neuropathy)
• Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome