DIAGNOSTIC TEST PANEL 502
Autoantibodies in Dementia-Like Conditions
Diagnostic test panel for antibodies against LGI-1, NMDA-receptor, IgLON5, KCNA2, and GFAp. For suspicion of dementia like conditions with autoimmune pathogenesis.
Indication
Suspicion of dementia like conditions with autoimmune pathogenesis
Sample material
Serum
- Minim. volume: 1 mL
CSF
- Minim. volume: 1 mL
Transport
- Within Sweden: room temperature
- International: cold
Clinical background
Dementia-like conditions that can occur in autoimmune encephalitis. Cognitive impairment is caused by autoimmunity and present clinically different from dementia with neurodegenerative genesis. Autoimmune dementia is characterized by encephalopathy with cognitive impairment; several other neurological symptoms can occur simultaneously. The timeline is usually faster than neurodegenerative dementia, but milder types with slower progression occurs and can be misinterpreted as neurodegenerative dementia. Autoimmune dementia can affect all ages, and clinical presentation includes a broad spectrum, behavioral changes with anxiety, depression, hallucinations, and psychosis as well as epileptic seizures, ataxia, catatonia and dystonia.
Autoimmune dementia is driven by underlying inflammation which means that immunomodulating treatment can be effective and the condition can potentially be reversible. To avoid permanent damage, early diagnosis and treatment is important.
The diagnosis is set by a combination of clinical findings, radiology and laboratory test which includes antineuronal antibodies. If paraneoplastic antibodies are detected, screening for malignancies is recommended. The group of antibodies associated with dementia-like conditions is continuously expanding.
This panel includes the most common antibodies that are associated with dementia-like conditions:
- Antibodies against LGI-1 are associated with epilepsy, faciobrachial dystonia, cognitive impact with neuropsychiatric symptoms and hyponatremia.
- Antibodies against NMDA receptors are associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, orofacial dyskinesia and catatonia.
- Antibodies against IgLON5 are associated with chronic progressive disease and are characterized by parasomnia with obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive impairment. Bulbous symptoms and gait disturbance have also been reported.
- Antibodies against potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A 2 subunit (KCNA2) are associated with cognitive impairment and memory loss and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. In addition, cases with epilepsy, gait disturbance and ataxia have been reported.
- Antibodies against GFAp are associated with autoimmune meningoencephalomyelitis. Epileptic seizures, meningism, headaches, cognitive impact and myelopathy are most common.
Tests included in panel
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How to order
This test panel is available worldwide for hospitals, clinics, and physicians.
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Print and complete the request form
Download the request form. Clearly state the name and phone number of the referring hospital, clinic, or physician. -
Prepare your samples
Serum: At least 1 mL serum (plain serum tubes without additives).
CSF: At least 1 mL CSF (polypropylene tubes).
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Send samples and request form
Within Sweden
Samples can be sent at room temperature to:
Envelopes and smaller boxes:
Wieslab AB, Box 50117, 20211 Malmö, Sweden
Larger boxes and frozen samples:
Wieslab AB, Lundavägen 151, 21224 Malmö, Sweden
International
Send samples cold to:
Wieslab AB, Lundavägen 151, 21224 Malmö, Sweden
Last updated: 2026-01-29
