DIAGNOSTIC TEST 772

AMPA Receptor 1/2 Antibodies (IgG)

Diagnostic test for antibodies against AMPAR 1/2. For suspicion of autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic syndrome.

Indication

Suspicion of autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic syndrome

Sample material

Serum

  • Minim. volume: 0,5 mL

CSF

  • Minim. volume: 0,5 mL

Transport

  • Within Sweden: room temperature
  • International: cold

Method

Cell-based assay (CBA), Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF)

Reference interval

Serum: <1:10 negative

CSF: negative

Result

Results are reported as negative or positive. A positive result is followed by a titer (serum).

Interpretation

Antibodies against AMPA 1/2 receptors can be seen in autoimmune encephalitis but are rare and are most often seen in women. Antibody occurrence has been reported to be associated with tumors (lung, breast, and thymoma) in 70% of cases.

Antibodies against AMPA 1/2 receptor are graded as Intermediaterisk antibodies with a frequency of >50% of underlying cancer and a positive result gives 2 points PNS score according to Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes.

References

  • Dalmau J et al. Lancet Neurol. 2019. An update on anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis for neurologists and psychiatrists: mechanisms and models. PMID: 31326280
  • Graus F et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021. Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes. PMID: 34006622
  • Kerstens J et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2024. Autoimmune Encephalitis and Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes: A Nationwide Study on Epidemiology and Antibody Testing Performance. PMID: 39467237
  • de Bruijn MAAM et al. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2025. Autoimmune encephalitis. PMID: 40935848
  • Cleaver J et al. J Infect. 2025. Clinical phenotype and outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex virus encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID: 40780589

Included in these panels

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How to order

This test is available worldwide for hospitals, clinics, and physicians.

  1. Print and complete the request form

    Download the request form. Clearly state the name and phone number of the referring hospital, clinic, or physician. If you are a new customer, please also include a completed customer information form.

  2. Prepare your samples

    Serum: At least 0.5 mL serum (plain serum tubes without additives).
    CSF: At least 0.5 mL CSF (polypropylene tubes).

  3. Send samples and request form

    Within Sweden
    Samples can be sent at room temperature to:
    Envelopes and smaller boxes:
    Wieslab AB, Box 50117, 20211 Malmö, Sweden

    Larger boxes and frozen samples:
    Wieslab AB, Lundavägen 151, 21224 Malmö, Sweden

    International
    Send samples cold to:
    Wieslab AB, Lundavägen 151, 21224 Malmö, Sweden

Last updated: 2026-09-21