INDIVIDUAL TEST 884

MOG Antibodies (IgG)

Indication

Suspicion of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) or MOG-associated disease (MOGAD)

Sample material

Serum

• Minim. volume: 0.5 mL

CSF

• Minim. volume: 0.5 mL

Transport

Within Sweden

• room temperature

International

• cold

Method

Cell-based assay (CBA), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF)

Reference interval

Serum

• <1:10 negative

CSF

• negative

Result

Results are reported as negative or positive. A positive result is followed by a titer (serum).

Interpretation

The presence of IgG-antibodies against MOG is associated with MOG-associated disease (MOGAD) which can clinically resemble both neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). MOGAD is the most common autoimmune condition among children who develop acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM).

Detection of antibodies against MOG has higher sensitivity in serum compared to CSF. Anti-MOG antibodies have been detected in the CSF of seropositive patients with high antibody titers, suggesting peripheral production of anti-MOG IgG. The diagnostic relevance of anti-MOG antibodies in CSF is unclear.

References

• Sato DK et al. Neurology. 2014. Distinction between MOG antibody-positive and AQP4 antibody-positive NMO spectrum disorders. PMID: 24415568
• Reindl M et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020. International multicenter examination of MOG antibody assays. PMID: 32024795
• Majed M et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2016. Clinical utility of testing AQP4-IgG in CSF: Guidance for physicians. PMID: 27144221
• Höftberger R et al. Mult Scler. 2015. Antibodies to MOG and AQP4 in adults with neuromyelitis optica and suspected limited forms of the disease. PMID: 25344373
• Wingerchuk DM et al. Neurology. 2015. International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. PMID: 26092914
• Lycke J, Malmeström C. Lakartidningen. 2010. Neuromyelitis optica--viktig differentialdiagnos till MS. Tidigt insatt behandling avgörande för prognosen. PMID: 21294335
• Banwell B et al. Lancet Neurol. 2023. Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria. PMID: 36706773
• Paul F et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2023. International Delphi Consensus on the Management of AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD: Recommendations for Eculizumab, Inebilizumab, and Satralizumab. PMID: 37258412
• Petzold A et al. Lancet Neurol. 2022. Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis. PMID: 36179757

Last updated: 2024-08-13